backbone.marionette.js

/*!
 * Includes BabySitter
 * https://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.babysitter/
 *
 * Includes Wreqr
 * https://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.wreqr/
 */


var Marionette = (function(global, Backbone, _){
  "use strict";

  (function(Backbone, _) {
    "use strict";
    var previousChildViewContainer = Backbone.ChildViewContainer;

    Backbone.ChildViewContainer = function(Backbone, _) {

      var Container = function(views) {
        this._views = {};
        this._indexByModel = {};
        this._indexByCustom = {};
        this._updateLength();
        _.each(views, this.add, this);
      };

      _.extend(Container.prototype, {

        add: function(view, customIndex) {
          var viewCid = view.cid;

          this._views[viewCid] = view;

          if (view.model) {
            this._indexByModel[view.model.cid] = viewCid;
          }

          if (customIndex) {
            this._indexByCustom[customIndex] = viewCid;
          }
          this._updateLength();
          return this;
        },

        findByModel: function(model) {
          return this.findByModelCid(model.cid);
        },

        findByModelCid: function(modelCid) {
          var viewCid = this._indexByModel[modelCid];
          return this.findByCid(viewCid);
        },

        findByCustom: function(index) {
          var viewCid = this._indexByCustom[index];
          return this.findByCid(viewCid);
        },

        findByIndex: function(index) {
          return _.values(this._views)[index];
        },

        findByCid: function(cid) {
          return this._views[cid];
        },

        remove: function(view) {
          var viewCid = view.cid;

          if (view.model) {
            delete this._indexByModel[view.model.cid];
          }

          _.any(this._indexByCustom, function(cid, key) {
            if (cid === viewCid) {
              delete this._indexByCustom[key];
              return true;
            }
          }, this);

          delete this._views[viewCid];

          this._updateLength();
          return this;
        },

        call: function(method) {
          this.apply(method, _.tail(arguments));
        },

        apply: function(method, args) {
          _.each(this._views, function(view) {
            if (_.isFunction(view[method])) {
              view[method].apply(view, args || []);
            }
          });
        },

        _updateLength: function() {
          this.length = _.size(this._views);
        }
      });

      var methods = [ "forEach", "each", "map", "find", "detect", "filter", "select", "reject", "every", "all", "some", "any", "include", "contains", "invoke", "toArray", "first", "initial", "rest", "last", "without", "isEmpty", "pluck" ];
      _.each(methods, function(method) {
        Container.prototype[method] = function() {
          var views = _.values(this._views);
          var args = [ views ].concat(_.toArray(arguments));
          return _[method].apply(_, args);
        };
      });

      return Container;
    }(Backbone, _);
    Backbone.ChildViewContainer.VERSION = "0.1.4";
    Backbone.ChildViewContainer.noConflict = function() {
      Backbone.ChildViewContainer = previousChildViewContainer;
      return this;
    };
    return Backbone.ChildViewContainer;
  })(Backbone, _);

  (function(Backbone, _) {
    "use strict";
    var previousWreqr = Backbone.Wreqr;
    var Wreqr = Backbone.Wreqr = {};
    Backbone.Wreqr.VERSION = "1.3.1";
    Backbone.Wreqr.noConflict = function() {
      Backbone.Wreqr = previousWreqr;
      return this;
    };

    Wreqr.Handlers = function(Backbone, _) {
      "use strict";

      var Handlers = function(options) {
        this.options = options;
        this._wreqrHandlers = {};
        if (_.isFunction(this.initialize)) {
          this.initialize(options);
        }
      };
      Handlers.extend = Backbone.Model.extend;

      _.extend(Handlers.prototype, Backbone.Events, {

        setHandlers: function(handlers) {
          _.each(handlers, function(handler, name) {
            var context = null;
            if (_.isObject(handler) && !_.isFunction(handler)) {
              context = handler.context;
              handler = handler.callback;
            }
            this.setHandler(name, handler, context);
          }, this);
        },

        setHandler: function(name, handler, context) {
          var config = {
            callback: handler,
            context: context
          };
          this._wreqrHandlers[name] = config;
          this.trigger("handler:add", name, handler, context);
        },

        hasHandler: function(name) {
          return !!this._wreqrHandlers[name];
        },

        getHandler: function(name) {
          var config = this._wreqrHandlers[name];
          if (!config) {
            return;
          }
          return function() {
            var args = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments);
            return config.callback.apply(config.context, args);
          };
        },

        removeHandler: function(name) {
          delete this._wreqrHandlers[name];
        },

        removeAllHandlers: function() {
          this._wreqrHandlers = {};
        }
      });
      return Handlers;
    }(Backbone, _);

    Wreqr.CommandStorage = function() {
      "use strict";

      var CommandStorage = function(options) {
        this.options = options;
        this._commands = {};
        if (_.isFunction(this.initialize)) {
          this.initialize(options);
        }
      };

      _.extend(CommandStorage.prototype, Backbone.Events, {

        getCommands: function(commandName) {
          var commands = this._commands[commandName];

          if (!commands) {

            commands = {
              command: commandName,
              instances: []
            };

            this._commands[commandName] = commands;
          }
          return commands;
        },

        addCommand: function(commandName, args) {
          var command = this.getCommands(commandName);
          command.instances.push(args);
        },

        clearCommands: function(commandName) {
          var command = this.getCommands(commandName);
          command.instances = [];
        }
      });
      return CommandStorage;
    }();

    Wreqr.Commands = function(Wreqr) {
      "use strict";
      return Wreqr.Handlers.extend({

        storageType: Wreqr.CommandStorage,
        constructor: function(options) {
          this.options = options || {};
          this._initializeStorage(this.options);
          this.on("handler:add", this._executeCommands, this);
          var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
          Wreqr.Handlers.prototype.constructor.apply(this, args);
        },

        execute: function(name, args) {
          name = arguments[0];
          args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
          if (this.hasHandler(name)) {
            this.getHandler(name).apply(this, args);
          } else {
            this.storage.addCommand(name, args);
          }
        },

        _executeCommands: function(name, handler, context) {
          var command = this.storage.getCommands(name);

          _.each(command.instances, function(args) {
            handler.apply(context, args);
          });
          this.storage.clearCommands(name);
        },

        _initializeStorage: function(options) {
          var storage;
          var StorageType = options.storageType || this.storageType;
          if (_.isFunction(StorageType)) {
            storage = new StorageType();
          } else {
            storage = StorageType;
          }
          this.storage = storage;
        }
      });
    }(Wreqr);

    Wreqr.RequestResponse = function(Wreqr) {
      "use strict";
      return Wreqr.Handlers.extend({
        request: function() {
          var name = arguments[0];
          var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
          if (this.hasHandler(name)) {
            return this.getHandler(name).apply(this, args);
          }
        }
      });
    }(Wreqr);

    Wreqr.EventAggregator = function(Backbone, _) {
      "use strict";
      var EA = function() {};

      EA.extend = Backbone.Model.extend;

      _.extend(EA.prototype, Backbone.Events);
      return EA;
    }(Backbone, _);

    Wreqr.Channel = function(Wreqr) {
      "use strict";
      var Channel = function(channelName) {
        this.vent = new Backbone.Wreqr.EventAggregator();
        this.reqres = new Backbone.Wreqr.RequestResponse();
        this.commands = new Backbone.Wreqr.Commands();
        this.channelName = channelName;
      };
      _.extend(Channel.prototype, {

        reset: function() {
          this.vent.off();
          this.vent.stopListening();
          this.reqres.removeAllHandlers();
          this.commands.removeAllHandlers();
          return this;
        },

        connectEvents: function(hash, context) {
          this._connect("vent", hash, context);
          return this;
        },
        connectCommands: function(hash, context) {
          this._connect("commands", hash, context);
          return this;
        },
        connectRequests: function(hash, context) {
          this._connect("reqres", hash, context);
          return this;
        },

        _connect: function(type, hash, context) {
          if (!hash) {
            return;
          }
          context = context || this;
          var method = type === "vent" ? "on" : "setHandler";
          _.each(hash, function(fn, eventName) {
            this[type][method](eventName, _.bind(fn, context));
          }, this);
        }
      });
      return Channel;
    }(Wreqr);

    Wreqr.radio = function(Wreqr) {
      "use strict";
      var Radio = function() {
        this._channels = {};
        this.vent = {};
        this.commands = {};
        this.reqres = {};
        this._proxyMethods();
      };
      _.extend(Radio.prototype, {
        channel: function(channelName) {
          if (!channelName) {
            throw new Error("Channel must receive a name");
          }
          return this._getChannel(channelName);
        },
        _getChannel: function(channelName) {
          var channel = this._channels[channelName];
          if (!channel) {
            channel = new Wreqr.Channel(channelName);
            this._channels[channelName] = channel;
          }
          return channel;
        },
        _proxyMethods: function() {
          _.each([ "vent", "commands", "reqres" ], function(system) {
            _.each(messageSystems[system], function(method) {
              this[system][method] = proxyMethod(this, system, method);
            }, this);
          }, this);
        }
      });
      var messageSystems = {
        vent: [ "on", "off", "trigger", "once", "stopListening", "listenTo", "listenToOnce" ],
        commands: [ "execute", "setHandler", "setHandlers", "removeHandler", "removeAllHandlers" ],
        reqres: [ "request", "setHandler", "setHandlers", "removeHandler", "removeAllHandlers" ]
      };
      var proxyMethod = function(radio, system, method) {
        return function(channelName) {
          var messageSystem = radio._getChannel(channelName)[system];
          var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
          return messageSystem[method].apply(messageSystem, args);
        };
      };
      return new Radio();
    }(Wreqr);
    return Backbone.Wreqr;
  })(Backbone, _);

  var Marionette = {};
  Backbone.Marionette = Marionette;

  Marionette.$ = Backbone.$;

var slice = Array.prototype.slice;

function throwError(message, name) {
  var error = new Error(message);
  error.name = name || 'Error';
  throw error;
}

Marionette.extend = Backbone.Model.extend;

Marionette.getOption = function(target, optionName){
  if (!target || !optionName){ return; }
  var value;

  if (target.options && (optionName in target.options) && (target.options[optionName] !== undefined)){
    value = target.options[optionName];
  } else {
    value = target[optionName];
  }

  return value;
};

Marionette.normalizeMethods = function(hash) {
  var normalizedHash = {}, method;
  _.each(hash, function(fn, name) {
    method = fn;
    if (!_.isFunction(method)) {
      method = this[method];
    }
    if (!method) {
      return;
    }
    normalizedHash[name] = method;
  }, this);
  return normalizedHash;
};

Marionette.normalizeUIKeys = function(hash, ui) {
  if (typeof(hash) === "undefined") {
    return;
  }

  _.each(_.keys(hash), function(v) {
    var pattern = /@ui.[a-zA-Z_$0-9]*/g;
    if (v.match(pattern)) {
      hash[v.replace(pattern, function(r) {
        return ui[r.slice(4)];
      })] = hash[v];
      delete hash[v];
    }
  });

  return hash;
};

Marionette.actAsCollection = function(object, listProperty) {
  var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'find', 'detect', 'filter',
    'select', 'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include',
    'contains', 'invoke', 'toArray', 'first', 'initial', 'rest',
    'last', 'without', 'isEmpty', 'pluck'];

  _.each(methods, function(method) {
    object[method] = function() {
      var list = _.values(_.result(this, listProperty));
      var args = [list].concat(_.toArray(arguments));
      return _[method].apply(_, args);
    };
  });
};

Marionette.triggerMethod = (function(){

  var splitter = /(^|:)(\w)/gi;

  function getEventName(match, prefix, eventName) {
    return eventName.toUpperCase();
  }

  var triggerMethod = function(event) {

    var methodName = 'on' + event.replace(splitter, getEventName);
    var method = this[methodName];

    if(_.isFunction(this.trigger)) {
      this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
    }

    if (_.isFunction(method)) {

      return method.apply(this, _.tail(arguments));
    }
  };

  return triggerMethod;
})();

Marionette.MonitorDOMRefresh = (function(documentElement){

  function handleShow(view){
    view._isShown = true;
    triggerDOMRefresh(view);
  }

  function handleRender(view){
    view._isRendered = true;
    triggerDOMRefresh(view);
  }

  function triggerDOMRefresh(view){
    if (view._isShown && view._isRendered && isInDOM(view)){
      if (_.isFunction(view.triggerMethod)){
        view.triggerMethod("dom:refresh");
      }
    }
  }

  function isInDOM(view) {
    return documentElement.contains(view.el);
  }

  return function(view){
    view.listenTo(view, "show", function(){
      handleShow(view);
    });

    view.listenTo(view, "render", function(){
      handleRender(view);
    });
  };
})(document.documentElement);

(function(Marionette){
  "use strict";

  function bindFromStrings(target, entity, evt, methods){
    var methodNames = methods.split(/\s+/);

    _.each(methodNames, function(methodName) {

      var method = target[methodName];
      if(!method) {
        throwError("Method '"+ methodName +"' was configured as an event handler, but does not exist.");
      }

      target.listenTo(entity, evt, method);
    });
  }

  function bindToFunction(target, entity, evt, method){
      target.listenTo(entity, evt, method);
  }

  function unbindFromStrings(target, entity, evt, methods){
    var methodNames = methods.split(/\s+/);

    _.each(methodNames, function(methodName) {
      var method = target[methodName];
      target.stopListening(entity, evt, method);
    });
  }

  function unbindToFunction(target, entity, evt, method){
      target.stopListening(entity, evt, method);
  }

  function iterateEvents(target, entity, bindings, functionCallback, stringCallback){
    if (!entity || !bindings) { return; }

    if (_.isFunction(bindings)){
      bindings = bindings.call(target);
    }

    _.each(bindings, function(methods, evt){

      if (_.isFunction(methods)){
        functionCallback(target, entity, evt, methods);
      } else {
        stringCallback(target, entity, evt, methods);
      }

    });
  }

  Marionette.bindEntityEvents = function(target, entity, bindings){
    iterateEvents(target, entity, bindings, bindToFunction, bindFromStrings);
  };

  Marionette.unbindEntityEvents = function(target, entity, bindings){
    iterateEvents(target, entity, bindings, unbindToFunction, unbindFromStrings);
  };

})(Marionette);

Marionette.Callbacks = function(){
  this._deferred = Marionette.$.Deferred();
  this._callbacks = [];
};

_.extend(Marionette.Callbacks.prototype, {

  add: function(callback, contextOverride){
    this._callbacks.push({cb: callback, ctx: contextOverride});

    this._deferred.done(function(context, options){
      if (contextOverride){ context = contextOverride; }
      callback.call(context, options);
    });
  },

  run: function(options, context){
    this._deferred.resolve(context, options);
  },

  reset: function(){
    var callbacks = this._callbacks;
    this._deferred = Marionette.$.Deferred();
    this._callbacks = [];

    _.each(callbacks, function(cb){
      this.add(cb.cb, cb.ctx);
    }, this);
  }
});

Marionette.Controller = function(options){
  this.triggerMethod = Marionette.triggerMethod;
  this.options = options || {};

  if (_.isFunction(this.initialize)){
    this.initialize(this.options);
  }
};

Marionette.Controller.extend = Marionette.extend;

_.extend(Marionette.Controller.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
  close: function(){
    this.stopListening();
    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
    this.triggerMethod.apply(this, ["close"].concat(args));
    this.off();
  }
});

Marionette.Region = function(options){
  this.options = options || {};
  this.el = Marionette.getOption(this, "el");

  if (!this.el){
    throwError("An 'el' must be specified for a region.", "NoElError");
  }

  if (this.initialize){
    var args = Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments);
    this.initialize.apply(this, args);
  }
};

_.extend(Marionette.Region, {

  buildRegion: function(regionConfig, defaultRegionType){
    var regionIsString = _.isString(regionConfig);
    var regionSelectorIsString = _.isString(regionConfig.selector);
    var regionTypeIsUndefined = _.isUndefined(regionConfig.regionType);
    var regionIsType = _.isFunction(regionConfig);

    if (!regionIsType && !regionIsString && !regionSelectorIsString) {
      throwError("Region must be specified as a Region type, a selector string or an object with selector property");
    }

    var selector, RegionType;

    if (regionIsString) {
      selector = regionConfig;
    }

    if (regionConfig.selector) {
      selector = regionConfig.selector;
      delete regionConfig.selector;
    }

    if (regionIsType){
      RegionType = regionConfig;
    }

    if (!regionIsType && regionTypeIsUndefined) {
      RegionType = defaultRegionType;
    }

    if (regionConfig.regionType) {
      RegionType = regionConfig.regionType;
      delete regionConfig.regionType;
    }

    if (regionIsString || regionIsType) {
      regionConfig = {};
    }

    regionConfig.el = selector;

    var region = new RegionType(regionConfig);

    if (regionConfig.parentEl){
      region.getEl = function(selector) {
        var parentEl = regionConfig.parentEl;
        if (_.isFunction(parentEl)){
          parentEl = parentEl();
        }
        return parentEl.find(selector);
      };
    }

    return region;
  }

});

_.extend(Marionette.Region.prototype, Backbone.Events, {

  show: function(view, options){
    this.ensureEl();

    var showOptions = options || {};
    var isViewClosed = view.isClosed || _.isUndefined(view.$el);
    var isDifferentView = view !== this.currentView;
    var preventClose =  !!showOptions.preventClose;

    var _shouldCloseView = !preventClose && isDifferentView;

    if (_shouldCloseView) {
      this.close();
    }

    view.render();
    Marionette.triggerMethod.call(this, "before:show", view);

    if (_.isFunction(view.triggerMethod)) {
      view.triggerMethod("before:show");
    } else {
      Marionette.triggerMethod.call(view, "before:show");
    }

    if (isDifferentView || isViewClosed) {
      this.open(view);
    }

    this.currentView = view;

    Marionette.triggerMethod.call(this, "show", view);

    if (_.isFunction(view.triggerMethod)) {
      view.triggerMethod("show");
    } else {
      Marionette.triggerMethod.call(view, "show");
    }

    return this;
  },

  ensureEl: function(){
    if (!this.$el || this.$el.length === 0){
      this.$el = this.getEl(this.el);
    }
  },

  getEl: function(selector){
    return Marionette.$(selector);
  },

  open: function(view){
    this.$el.empty().append(view.el);
  },

  close: function(){
    var view = this.currentView;
    if (!view || view.isClosed){ return; }

    if (view.close) { view.close(); }
    else if (view.remove) { view.remove(); }

    Marionette.triggerMethod.call(this, "close", view);

    delete this.currentView;
  },

  attachView: function(view){
    this.currentView = view;
  },

  reset: function(){
    this.close();
    delete this.$el;
  }
});

Marionette.Region.extend = Marionette.extend;

Marionette.RegionManager = (function(Marionette){

  var RegionManager = Marionette.Controller.extend({
    constructor: function(options){
      this._regions = {};
      Marionette.Controller.prototype.constructor.call(this, options);
    },

    addRegions: function(regionDefinitions, defaults){
      var regions = {};

      _.each(regionDefinitions, function(definition, name){
        if (_.isString(definition)){
          definition = { selector: definition };
        }

        if (definition.selector){
          definition = _.defaults({}, definition, defaults);
        }

        var region = this.addRegion(name, definition);
        regions[name] = region;
      }, this);

      return regions;
    },

    addRegion: function(name, definition){
      var region;

      var isObject = _.isObject(definition);
      var isString = _.isString(definition);
      var hasSelector = !!definition.selector;

      if (isString || (isObject && hasSelector)){
        region = Marionette.Region.buildRegion(definition, Marionette.Region);
      } else if (_.isFunction(definition)){
        region = Marionette.Region.buildRegion(definition, Marionette.Region);
      } else {
        region = definition;
      }

      this._store(name, region);
      this.triggerMethod("region:add", name, region);
      return region;
    },

    get: function(name){
      return this._regions[name];
    },

    removeRegion: function(name){
      var region = this._regions[name];
      this._remove(name, region);
    },

    removeRegions: function(){
      _.each(this._regions, function(region, name){
        this._remove(name, region);
      }, this);
    },

    closeRegions: function(){
      _.each(this._regions, function(region, name){
        region.close();
      }, this);
    },

    close: function(){
      this.removeRegions();
      Marionette.Controller.prototype.close.apply(this, arguments);
    },

    _store: function(name, region){
      this._regions[name] = region;
      this._setLength();
    },

    _remove: function(name, region){
      region.close();
      region.stopListening();
      delete this._regions[name];
      this._setLength();
      this.triggerMethod("region:remove", name, region);
    },

    _setLength: function(){
      this.length = _.size(this._regions);
    }

  });

  Marionette.actAsCollection(RegionManager.prototype, '_regions');

  return RegionManager;
})(Marionette);

Marionette.TemplateCache = function(templateId){
  this.templateId = templateId;
};

_.extend(Marionette.TemplateCache, {
  templateCaches: {},

  get: function(templateId){
    var cachedTemplate = this.templateCaches[templateId];

    if (!cachedTemplate){
      cachedTemplate = new Marionette.TemplateCache(templateId);
      this.templateCaches[templateId] = cachedTemplate;
    }

    return cachedTemplate.load();
  },

  clear: function(){
    var i;
    var args = slice.call(arguments);
    var length = args.length;

    if (length > 0){
      for(i=0; i<length; i++){
        delete this.templateCaches[args[i]];
      }
    } else {
      this.templateCaches = {};
    }
  }
});

_.extend(Marionette.TemplateCache.prototype, {

  load: function(){

    if (this.compiledTemplate){
      return this.compiledTemplate;
    }

    var template = this.loadTemplate(this.templateId);
    this.compiledTemplate = this.compileTemplate(template);

    return this.compiledTemplate;
  },

  loadTemplate: function(templateId){
    var template = Marionette.$(templateId).html();

    if (!template || template.length === 0){
      throwError("Could not find template: '" + templateId + "'", "NoTemplateError");
    }

    return template;
  },

  compileTemplate: function(rawTemplate){
    return _.template(rawTemplate);
  }
});

Marionette.Renderer = {

  render: function(template, data){

    if (!template) {
      throwError("Cannot render the template since it's false, null or undefined.", "TemplateNotFoundError");
    }

    var templateFunc;
    if (typeof template === "function"){
      templateFunc = template;
    } else {
      templateFunc = Marionette.TemplateCache.get(template);
    }

    return templateFunc(data);
  }
};

Marionette.View = Backbone.View.extend({

  constructor: function(options){
    _.bindAll(this, "render");

    this.options = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'options'), _.isFunction(options) ? options.call(this) : options);

    this.events = this.normalizeUIKeys(_.result(this, 'events'));

    if (_.isObject(this.behaviors)) {
      new Marionette.Behaviors(this);
    }

    Backbone.View.prototype.constructor.apply(this, arguments);

    Marionette.MonitorDOMRefresh(this);
    this.listenTo(this, "show", this.onShowCalled);
  },

  triggerMethod: Marionette.triggerMethod,

  normalizeMethods: Marionette.normalizeMethods,

  getTemplate: function(){
    return Marionette.getOption(this, "template");
  },

  mixinTemplateHelpers: function(target){
    target = target || {};
    var templateHelpers = Marionette.getOption(this, "templateHelpers");
    if (_.isFunction(templateHelpers)){
      templateHelpers = templateHelpers.call(this);
    }
    return _.extend(target, templateHelpers);
  },


  normalizeUIKeys: function(hash) {
    var ui = _.result(this, 'ui');
    return Marionette.normalizeUIKeys(hash, ui);
  },

  configureTriggers: function(){
    if (!this.triggers) { return; }

    var triggerEvents = {};

    var triggers = this.normalizeUIKeys(_.result(this, "triggers"));

    _.each(triggers, function(value, key){

      var hasOptions = _.isObject(value);
      var eventName = hasOptions ? value.event : value;

      triggerEvents[key] = function(e){

        if (e) {
          var prevent = e.preventDefault;
          var stop = e.stopPropagation;

          var shouldPrevent = hasOptions ? value.preventDefault : prevent;
          var shouldStop = hasOptions ? value.stopPropagation : stop;

          if (shouldPrevent && prevent) { prevent.apply(e); }
          if (shouldStop && stop) { stop.apply(e); }
        }

        var args = {
          view: this,
          model: this.model,
          collection: this.collection
        };

        this.triggerMethod(eventName, args);
      };

    }, this);

    return triggerEvents;
  },

  delegateEvents: function(events){
    this._delegateDOMEvents(events);
    Marionette.bindEntityEvents(this, this.model, Marionette.getOption(this, "modelEvents"));
    Marionette.bindEntityEvents(this, this.collection, Marionette.getOption(this, "collectionEvents"));
  },

  _delegateDOMEvents: function(events){
    events = events || this.events;
    if (_.isFunction(events)){ events = events.call(this); }

    var combinedEvents = {};

    var behaviorEvents = _.result(this, 'behaviorEvents') || {};
    var triggers = this.configureTriggers();

    _.extend(combinedEvents, behaviorEvents, events, triggers);

    Backbone.View.prototype.delegateEvents.call(this, combinedEvents);
  },

  undelegateEvents: function(){
    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
    Backbone.View.prototype.undelegateEvents.apply(this, args);

    Marionette.unbindEntityEvents(this, this.model, Marionette.getOption(this, "modelEvents"));
    Marionette.unbindEntityEvents(this, this.collection, Marionette.getOption(this, "collectionEvents"));
  },

  onShowCalled: function(){},

  close: function(){
    if (this.isClosed) { return; }

    var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);

    var shouldClose = this.triggerMethod.apply(this, ["before:close"].concat(args));
    if (shouldClose === false){
      return;
    }

    this.isClosed = true;
    this.triggerMethod.apply(this, ["close"].concat(args));

    this.unbindUIElements();

    this.remove();
  },

  bindUIElements: function(){
    if (!this.ui) { return; }

    if (!this._uiBindings){
      this._uiBindings = this.ui;
    }

    var bindings = _.result(this, "_uiBindings");

    this.ui = {};

    _.each(_.keys(bindings), function(key) {
      var selector = bindings[key];
      this.ui[key] = this.$(selector);
    }, this);
  },

  unbindUIElements: function(){
    if (!this.ui || !this._uiBindings){ return; }

    _.each(this.ui, function($el, name){
      delete this.ui[name];
    }, this);

    this.ui = this._uiBindings;
    delete this._uiBindings;
  }
});

Marionette.ItemView = Marionette.View.extend({

  constructor: function(){
    Marionette.View.prototype.constructor.apply(this, arguments);
  },

  serializeData: function(){
    var data = {};

    if (this.model) {
      data = this.model.toJSON();
    }
    else if (this.collection) {
      data = { items: this.collection.toJSON() };
    }

    return data;
  },

  render: function(){
    this.isClosed = false;

    this.triggerMethod("before:render", this);
    this.triggerMethod("item:before:render", this);

    var data = this.serializeData();
    data = this.mixinTemplateHelpers(data);

    var template = this.getTemplate();
    var html = Marionette.Renderer.render(template, data);

    this.$el.html(html);
    this.bindUIElements();

    this.triggerMethod("render", this);
    this.triggerMethod("item:rendered", this);

    return this;
  },

  close: function(){
    if (this.isClosed){ return; }

    this.triggerMethod('item:before:close');

    Marionette.View.prototype.close.apply(this, arguments);

    this.triggerMethod('item:closed');
  }
});

Marionette.CollectionView = Marionette.View.extend({

  itemViewEventPrefix: "itemview",

  constructor: function(options){
    this._initChildViewStorage();

    Marionette.View.prototype.constructor.apply(this, arguments);

    this._initialEvents();
    this.initRenderBuffer();
  },

  initRenderBuffer: function() {
    this.elBuffer = document.createDocumentFragment();
    this._bufferedChildren = [];
  },

  startBuffering: function() {
    this.initRenderBuffer();
    this.isBuffering = true;
  },

  endBuffering: function() {
    this.isBuffering = false;
    this.appendBuffer(this, this.elBuffer);
    this._triggerShowBufferedChildren();
    this.initRenderBuffer();
  },

  _triggerShowBufferedChildren: function () {
    if (this._isShown) {
      _.each(this._bufferedChildren, function (child) {
        if (_.isFunction(child.triggerMethod)) {
          child.triggerMethod('show');
        } else {
          Marionette.triggerMethod.call(child, 'show');
        }
      });
      this._bufferedChildren = [];
    }
  },

  _initialEvents: function(){
    if (this.collection){
      this.listenTo(this.collection, "add", this.addChildView);
      this.listenTo(this.collection, "remove", this.removeItemView);
      this.listenTo(this.collection, "reset", this.render);
    }
  },

  addChildView: function(item, collection, options){
    this.closeEmptyView();
    var ItemView = this.getItemView(item);
    var index = this.collection.indexOf(item);
    this.addItemView(item, ItemView, index);
  },

  onShowCalled: function(){
    this.children.each(function(child){
      if (_.isFunction(child.triggerMethod)) {
        child.triggerMethod('show');
      } else {
        Marionette.triggerMethod.call(child, 'show');
      }
    });
  },

  triggerBeforeRender: function(){
    this.triggerMethod("before:render", this);
    this.triggerMethod("collection:before:render", this);
  },

  triggerRendered: function(){
    this.triggerMethod("render", this);
    this.triggerMethod("collection:rendered", this);
  },

  render: function(){
    this.isClosed = false;
    this.triggerBeforeRender();
    this._renderChildren();
    this.triggerRendered();
    return this;
  },

  _renderChildren: function(){
    this.startBuffering();

    this.closeEmptyView();
    this.closeChildren();

    if (!this.isEmpty(this.collection)) {
      this.showCollection();
    } else {
      this.showEmptyView();
    }

    this.endBuffering();
  },

  showCollection: function(){
    var ItemView;
    this.collection.each(function(item, index){
      ItemView = this.getItemView(item);
      this.addItemView(item, ItemView, index);
    }, this);
  },

  showEmptyView: function(){
    var EmptyView = this.getEmptyView();

    if (EmptyView && !this._showingEmptyView){
      this._showingEmptyView = true;
      var model = new Backbone.Model();
      this.addItemView(model, EmptyView, 0);
    }
  },

  closeEmptyView: function(){
    if (this._showingEmptyView){
      this.closeChildren();
      delete this._showingEmptyView;
    }
  },

  getEmptyView: function(){
    return Marionette.getOption(this, "emptyView");
  },

  getItemView: function(item){
    var itemView = Marionette.getOption(this, "itemView");

    if (!itemView){
      throwError("An `itemView` must be specified", "NoItemViewError");
    }

    return itemView;
  },

  addItemView: function(item, ItemView, index){

    var itemViewOptions = Marionette.getOption(this, "itemViewOptions");
    if (_.isFunction(itemViewOptions)){
      itemViewOptions = itemViewOptions.call(this, item, index);
    }

    var view = this.buildItemView(item, ItemView, itemViewOptions);

    this.addChildViewEventForwarding(view);

    this.triggerMethod("before:item:added", view);

    this.children.add(view);

    this.renderItemView(view, index);

    if (this._isShown && !this.isBuffering){
      if (_.isFunction(view.triggerMethod)) {
        view.triggerMethod('show');
      } else {
        Marionette.triggerMethod.call(view, 'show');
      }
    }

    this.triggerMethod("after:item:added", view);

    return view;
  },

  addChildViewEventForwarding: function(view){
    var prefix = Marionette.getOption(this, "itemViewEventPrefix");

    this.listenTo(view, "all", function(){
      var args = slice.call(arguments);
      var rootEvent = args[0];
      var itemEvents = this.normalizeMethods(this.getItemEvents());

      args[0] = prefix + ":" + rootEvent;
      args.splice(1, 0, view);

      if (typeof itemEvents !== "undefined" && _.isFunction(itemEvents[rootEvent])) {
        itemEvents[rootEvent].apply(this, args);
      }

      Marionette.triggerMethod.apply(this, args);
    }, this);
  },

  getItemEvents: function() {
    if (_.isFunction(this.itemEvents)) {
      return this.itemEvents.call(this);
    }

    return this.itemEvents;
  },

  renderItemView: function(view, index) {
    view.render();
    this.appendHtml(this, view, index);
  },

  buildItemView: function(item, ItemViewType, itemViewOptions){
    var options = _.extend({model: item}, itemViewOptions);
    return new ItemViewType(options);
  },

  removeItemView: function(item){
    var view = this.children.findByModel(item);
    this.removeChildView(view);
    this.checkEmpty();
  },

  removeChildView: function(view){

    if (view){

      if (view.close) { view.close(); }
      else if (view.remove) { view.remove(); }

      this.stopListening(view);
      this.children.remove(view);
    }

    this.triggerMethod("item:removed", view);
  },

  isEmpty: function(collection){

    return !this.collection || this.collection.length === 0;
  },

  checkEmpty: function (){
    if (this.isEmpty(this.collection)){
      this.showEmptyView();
    }
  },

  appendBuffer: function(collectionView, buffer) {
    collectionView.$el.append(buffer);
  },

  appendHtml: function(collectionView, itemView, index){
    if (collectionView.isBuffering) {

      collectionView.elBuffer.appendChild(itemView.el);
      collectionView._bufferedChildren.push(itemView);
    }
    else {

      collectionView.$el.append(itemView.el);
    }
  },

  _initChildViewStorage: function(){
    this.children = new Backbone.ChildViewContainer();
  },

  close: function(){
    if (this.isClosed){ return; }

    this.triggerMethod("collection:before:close");
    this.closeChildren();
    this.triggerMethod("collection:closed");

    Marionette.View.prototype.close.apply(this, arguments);
  },

  closeChildren: function(){
    this.children.each(function(child){
      this.removeChildView(child);
    }, this);
    this.checkEmpty();
  }
});

Marionette.CompositeView = Marionette.CollectionView.extend({

  constructor: function(){
    Marionette.CollectionView.prototype.constructor.apply(this, arguments);
  },

  _initialEvents: function(){

    this.once('render', function () {
      if (this.collection){
        this.listenTo(this.collection, "add", this.addChildView);
        this.listenTo(this.collection, "remove", this.removeItemView);
        this.listenTo(this.collection, "reset", this._renderChildren);
      }
    });

  },

  getItemView: function(item){
    var itemView = Marionette.getOption(this, "itemView") || this.constructor;

    if (!itemView){
      throwError("An `itemView` must be specified", "NoItemViewError");
    }

    return itemView;
  },

  serializeData: function(){
    var data = {};

    if (this.model){
      data = this.model.toJSON();
    }

    return data;
  },

  render: function(){
    this.isRendered = true;
    this.isClosed = false;
    this.resetItemViewContainer();

    this.triggerBeforeRender();
    var html = this.renderModel();
    this.$el.html(html);

    this.bindUIElements();
    this.triggerMethod("composite:model:rendered");

    this._renderChildren();

    this.triggerMethod("composite:rendered");
    this.triggerRendered();
    return this;
  },

  _renderChildren: function(){
    if (this.isRendered){
      this.triggerMethod("composite:collection:before:render");
      Marionette.CollectionView.prototype._renderChildren.call(this);
      this.triggerMethod("composite:collection:rendered");
    }
  },

  renderModel: function(){
    var data = {};
    data = this.serializeData();
    data = this.mixinTemplateHelpers(data);

    var template = this.getTemplate();
    return Marionette.Renderer.render(template, data);
  },

  appendBuffer: function(compositeView, buffer) {
    var $container = this.getItemViewContainer(compositeView);
    $container.append(buffer);
  },

  appendHtml: function(compositeView, itemView, index){
    if (compositeView.isBuffering) {
      compositeView.elBuffer.appendChild(itemView.el);
      compositeView._bufferedChildren.push(itemView);
    }
    else {

      var $container = this.getItemViewContainer(compositeView);
      $container.append(itemView.el);
    }
  },

  getItemViewContainer: function(containerView){
    if ("$itemViewContainer" in containerView){
      return containerView.$itemViewContainer;
    }

    var container;
    var itemViewContainer = Marionette.getOption(containerView, "itemViewContainer");
    if (itemViewContainer){

      var selector = _.isFunction(itemViewContainer) ? itemViewContainer.call(containerView) : itemViewContainer;

      if (selector.charAt(0) === "@" && containerView.ui) {
        container = containerView.ui[selector.substr(4)];
      } else {
        container = containerView.$(selector);
      }

      if (container.length <= 0) {
        throwError("The specified `itemViewContainer` was not found: " + containerView.itemViewContainer, "ItemViewContainerMissingError");
      }

    } else {
      container = containerView.$el;
    }

    containerView.$itemViewContainer = container;
    return container;
  },

  resetItemViewContainer: function(){
    if (this.$itemViewContainer){
      delete this.$itemViewContainer;
    }
  }
});

Marionette.Layout = Marionette.ItemView.extend({
  regionType: Marionette.Region,

  constructor: function (options) {
    options = options || {};

    this._firstRender = true;
    this._initializeRegions(options);

    Marionette.ItemView.prototype.constructor.call(this, options);
  },

  render: function(){

    if (this.isClosed){

      this._initializeRegions();
    }
    if (this._firstRender) {

      this._firstRender = false;
    } else if (!this.isClosed){

      this._reInitializeRegions();
    }

    return Marionette.ItemView.prototype.render.apply(this, arguments);
  },

  close: function () {
    if (this.isClosed){ return; }
    this.regionManager.close();
    Marionette.ItemView.prototype.close.apply(this, arguments);
  },

  addRegion: function(name, definition){
    var regions = {};
    regions[name] = definition;
    return this._buildRegions(regions)[name];
  },

  addRegions: function(regions){
    this.regions = _.extend({}, this.regions, regions);
    return this._buildRegions(regions);
  },

  removeRegion: function(name){
    delete this.regions[name];
    return this.regionManager.removeRegion(name);
  },

  getRegion: function(region) {
    return this.regionManager.get(region);
  },

  _buildRegions: function(regions){
    var that = this;

    var defaults = {
      regionType: Marionette.getOption(this, "regionType"),
      parentEl: function(){ return that.$el; }
    };

    return this.regionManager.addRegions(regions, defaults);
  },

  _initializeRegions: function (options) {
    var regions;
    this._initRegionManager();

    if (_.isFunction(this.regions)) {
      regions = this.regions(options);
    } else {
      regions = this.regions || {};
    }

    this.addRegions(regions);
  },

  _reInitializeRegions: function(){
    this.regionManager.closeRegions();
    this.regionManager.each(function(region){
      region.reset();
    });
  },

  _initRegionManager: function(){
    this.regionManager = new Marionette.RegionManager();

    this.listenTo(this.regionManager, "region:add", function(name, region){
      this[name] = region;
      this.trigger("region:add", name, region);
    });

    this.listenTo(this.regionManager, "region:remove", function(name, region){
      delete this[name];
      this.trigger("region:remove", name, region);
    });
  }
});

Marionette.Behavior = (function(_, Backbone){
  function Behavior(options, view){

    this.view = view;
    this.defaults = _.result(this, "defaults") || {};
    this.options  = _.extend({}, this.defaults, options);

    this.$ = function() {
      return this.view.$.apply(this.view, arguments);
    };

    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
  }

  _.extend(Behavior.prototype, Backbone.Events, {
    initialize: function(){},

    close: function() {
      this.stopListening();
    },

    triggerMethod: Marionette.triggerMethod
  });

  Behavior.extend = Marionette.extend;

  return Behavior;
})(_, Backbone);

Marionette.Behaviors = (function(Marionette, _) {

  function Behaviors(view) {

    this.behaviors = Behaviors.parseBehaviors(view, _.result(view, 'behaviors'));

    Behaviors.wrap(view, this.behaviors, [
      'bindUIElements', 'unbindUIElements',
      'delegateEvents', 'undelegateEvents',
      'behaviorEvents', 'triggerMethod',
      'setElement', 'close'
    ]);
  }

  var methods = {
    setElement: function(setElement, behaviors) {
      setElement.apply(this, _.tail(arguments, 2));

      _.each(behaviors, function(b) {
        b.$el = this.$el;
      }, this);
    },

    close: function(close, behaviors) {
      var args = _.tail(arguments, 2);
      close.apply(this, args);

      _.invoke(behaviors, 'close', args);
    },

    bindUIElements: function(bindUIElements, behaviors) {
      bindUIElements.apply(this);
      _.invoke(behaviors, bindUIElements);
    },

    unbindUIElements: function(unbindUIElements, behaviors) {
      unbindUIElements.apply(this);
      _.invoke(behaviors, unbindUIElements);
    },

    triggerMethod: function(triggerMethod, behaviors) {
      var args = _.tail(arguments, 2);
      triggerMethod.apply(this, args);

      _.each(behaviors, function(b) {
        triggerMethod.apply(b, args);
      });
    },

    delegateEvents: function(delegateEvents, behaviors) {
      var args = _.tail(arguments, 2);
      delegateEvents.apply(this, args);

      _.each(behaviors, function(b){
        Marionette.bindEntityEvents(b, this.model, Marionette.getOption(b, "modelEvents"));
        Marionette.bindEntityEvents(b, this.collection, Marionette.getOption(b, "collectionEvents"));
      }, this);
    },

    undelegateEvents: function(undelegateEvents, behaviors) {
      var args = _.tail(arguments, 2);
      undelegateEvents.apply(this, args);

      _.each(behaviors, function(b) {
        Marionette.unbindEntityEvents(b, this.model, Marionette.getOption(b, "modelEvents"));
        Marionette.unbindEntityEvents(b, this.collection, Marionette.getOption(b, "collectionEvents"));
      }, this);
    },

    behaviorEvents: function(behaviorEvents, behaviors) {
      var _behaviorsEvents = {};
      var viewUI = _.result(this, 'ui');

      _.each(behaviors, function(b, i) {
        var _events = {};
        var behaviorEvents = _.clone(_.result(b, 'events')) || {};
        var behaviorUI = _.result(b, 'ui');

        var ui = _.extend({}, viewUI, behaviorUI);

        behaviorEvents = Marionette.normalizeUIKeys(behaviorEvents, ui);

        _.each(_.keys(behaviorEvents), function(key) {

          var whitespace = (new Array(i+2)).join(" ");
          var eventKey   = key + whitespace;
          var handler    = _.isFunction(behaviorEvents[key]) ? behaviorEvents[key] : b[behaviorEvents[key]];

          _events[eventKey] = _.bind(handler, b);
        });

        _behaviorsEvents = _.extend(_behaviorsEvents, _events);
      });

      return _behaviorsEvents;
    }
  };

  _.extend(Behaviors, {

    behaviorsLookup: function() {
      throw new Error("You must define where your behaviors are stored. See https://github.com/marionettejs/backbone.marionette/blob/master/docs/marionette.behaviors.md#behaviorslookup");
    },

    getBehaviorClass: function(options, key) {
      if (options.behaviorClass) {
        return options.behaviorClass;
      }

      return _.isFunction(Behaviors.behaviorsLookup) ? Behaviors.behaviorsLookup.apply(this, arguments)[key] : Behaviors.behaviorsLookup[key];
    },

    parseBehaviors: function(view, behaviors){
      return _.map(behaviors, function(options, key){
        var BehaviorClass = Behaviors.getBehaviorClass(options, key);
        return new BehaviorClass(options, view);
      });
    },

    wrap: function(view, behaviors, methodNames) {
      _.each(methodNames, function(methodName) {
        view[methodName] = _.partial(methods[methodName], view[methodName], behaviors);
      });
    }
  });

  return Behaviors;

})(Marionette, _);

Marionette.AppRouter = Backbone.Router.extend({

  constructor: function(options){
    Backbone.Router.prototype.constructor.apply(this, arguments);

    this.options = options || {};

    var appRoutes = Marionette.getOption(this, "appRoutes");
    var controller = this._getController();
    this.processAppRoutes(controller, appRoutes);
    this.on("route", this._processOnRoute, this);
  },

  appRoute: function(route, methodName) {
    var controller = this._getController();
    this._addAppRoute(controller, route, methodName);
  },

  _processOnRoute: function(routeName, routeArgs){

    var routePath = _.invert(this.appRoutes)[routeName];

    if (_.isFunction(this.onRoute)){
      this.onRoute(routeName, routePath, routeArgs);
    }
  },

  processAppRoutes: function(controller, appRoutes) {
    if (!appRoutes){ return; }

    var routeNames = _.keys(appRoutes).reverse(); // Backbone requires reverted order of routes

    _.each(routeNames, function(route) {
      this._addAppRoute(controller, route, appRoutes[route]);
    }, this);
  },

  _getController: function(){
    return Marionette.getOption(this, "controller");
  },

  _addAppRoute: function(controller, route, methodName){
    var method = controller[methodName];

    if (!method) {
      throwError("Method '" + methodName + "' was not found on the controller");
    }

    this.route(route, methodName, _.bind(method, controller));
  }
});

Marionette.Application = function(options){
  this._initRegionManager();
  this._initCallbacks = new Marionette.Callbacks();
  this.vent = new Backbone.Wreqr.EventAggregator();
  this.commands = new Backbone.Wreqr.Commands();
  this.reqres = new Backbone.Wreqr.RequestResponse();
  this.submodules = {};

  _.extend(this, options);

  this.triggerMethod = Marionette.triggerMethod;
};

_.extend(Marionette.Application.prototype, Backbone.Events, {

  execute: function(){
    this.commands.execute.apply(this.commands, arguments);
  },

  request: function(){
    return this.reqres.request.apply(this.reqres, arguments);
  },

  addInitializer: function(initializer){
    this._initCallbacks.add(initializer);
  },

  start: function(options){
    this.triggerMethod("initialize:before", options);
    this._initCallbacks.run(options, this);
    this.triggerMethod("initialize:after", options);

    this.triggerMethod("start", options);
  },

  addRegions: function(regions){
    return this._regionManager.addRegions(regions);
  },

  closeRegions: function(){
    this._regionManager.closeRegions();
  },

  removeRegion: function(region) {
    this._regionManager.removeRegion(region);
  },

  getRegion: function(region) {
    return this._regionManager.get(region);
  },

  module: function(moduleNames, moduleDefinition){

    var ModuleClass = Marionette.Module.getClass(moduleDefinition);

    var args = slice.call(arguments);
    args.unshift(this);

    return ModuleClass.create.apply(ModuleClass, args);
  },

  _initRegionManager: function(){
    this._regionManager = new Marionette.RegionManager();

    this.listenTo(this._regionManager, "region:add", function(name, region){
      this[name] = region;
    });

    this.listenTo(this._regionManager, "region:remove", function(name, region){
      delete this[name];
    });
  }
});

Marionette.Application.extend = Marionette.extend;

Marionette.Module = function(moduleName, app, options){
  this.moduleName = moduleName;
  this.options = _.extend({}, this.options, options);

  this.initialize = options.initialize || this.initialize;

  this.submodules = {};

  this._setupInitializersAndFinalizers();

  this.app = app;

  this.startWithParent = true;

  this.triggerMethod = Marionette.triggerMethod;

  if (_.isFunction(this.initialize)){
    this.initialize(this.options, moduleName, app);
  }
};

Marionette.Module.extend = Marionette.extend;

_.extend(Marionette.Module.prototype, Backbone.Events, {

  initialize: function(){},

  addInitializer: function(callback){
    this._initializerCallbacks.add(callback);
  },

  addFinalizer: function(callback){
    this._finalizerCallbacks.add(callback);
  },

  start: function(options){

    if (this._isInitialized){ return; }

    _.each(this.submodules, function(mod){

      if (mod.startWithParent){
        mod.start(options);
      }
    });

    this.triggerMethod("before:start", options);

    this._initializerCallbacks.run(options, this);
    this._isInitialized = true;

    this.triggerMethod("start", options);
  },

  stop: function(){

    if (!this._isInitialized){ return; }
    this._isInitialized = false;

    Marionette.triggerMethod.call(this, "before:stop");

    _.each(this.submodules, function(mod){ mod.stop(); });

    this._finalizerCallbacks.run(undefined,this);

    this._initializerCallbacks.reset();
    this._finalizerCallbacks.reset();

    Marionette.triggerMethod.call(this, "stop");
  },

  addDefinition: function(moduleDefinition, customArgs){
    this._runModuleDefinition(moduleDefinition, customArgs);
  },

  _runModuleDefinition: function(definition, customArgs){

    if (!definition){ return; }

    var args = _.flatten([
      this,
      this.app,
      Backbone,
      Marionette,
      Marionette.$, _,
      customArgs
    ]);

    definition.apply(this, args);
  },

  _setupInitializersAndFinalizers: function(){
    this._initializerCallbacks = new Marionette.Callbacks();
    this._finalizerCallbacks = new Marionette.Callbacks();
  }
});

_.extend(Marionette.Module, {

  create: function(app, moduleNames, moduleDefinition){
    var module = app;

    var customArgs = slice.call(arguments);
    customArgs.splice(0, 3);

    moduleNames = moduleNames.split(".");
    var length = moduleNames.length;

    var moduleDefinitions = [];
    moduleDefinitions[length-1] = moduleDefinition;

    _.each(moduleNames, function(moduleName, i){
      var parentModule = module;
      module = this._getModule(parentModule, moduleName, app, moduleDefinition);
      this._addModuleDefinition(parentModule, module, moduleDefinitions[i], customArgs);
    }, this);

    return module;
  },

  _getModule: function(parentModule, moduleName, app, def, args){
    var options = _.extend({}, def);
    var ModuleClass = this.getClass(def);

    var module = parentModule[moduleName];

    if (!module){

      module = new ModuleClass(moduleName, app, options);
      parentModule[moduleName] = module;

      parentModule.submodules[moduleName] = module;
    }

    return module;
  },

  getClass: function(moduleDefinition) {
    var ModuleClass = Marionette.Module;

    if (!moduleDefinition) {
      return ModuleClass;
    }

    if (moduleDefinition.prototype instanceof ModuleClass) {
      return moduleDefinition;
    }

    return moduleDefinition.moduleClass || ModuleClass;
  },

  _addModuleDefinition: function(parentModule, module, def, args){
    var fn = this._getDefine(def);
    var startWithParent = this._getStartWithParent(def, module);

    if (fn){
      module.addDefinition(fn, args);
    }

    this._addStartWithParent(parentModule, module, startWithParent);
  },

  _getStartWithParent: function(def, module) {
    var swp;

    if (_.isFunction(def) && (def.prototype instanceof Marionette.Module)) {
      swp = module.constructor.prototype.startWithParent;
      return _.isUndefined(swp) ? true : swp;
    }

    if (_.isObject(def)){
      swp = def.startWithParent;
      return _.isUndefined(swp) ? true : swp;
    }

    return true;
  },

  _getDefine: function(def) {
    if (_.isFunction(def) && !(def.prototype instanceof Marionette.Module)) {
      return def;
    }

    if (_.isObject(def)){
      return def.define;
    }

    return null;
  },

  _addStartWithParent: function(parentModule, module, startWithParent) {
    module.startWithParent = module.startWithParent && startWithParent;

    if (!module.startWithParent || !!module.startWithParentIsConfigured){
      return;
    }

    module.startWithParentIsConfigured = true;

    parentModule.addInitializer(function(options){
      if (module.startWithParent){
        module.start(options);
      }
    });
  }
});


  return Marionette;
})(this, Backbone, _);